divtel: Divergent pointing mode for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes arrays

divtel makes toy simulations for the divergent pointing mode of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes arrays.

Point an array’s telescopes slightly away from one another and it sees a wider patch of sky, but fewer telescopes see any given part of it, and a shower needs at least two of them to be reconstructed stereoscopically. divtel lets you set up that trade-off and measure both sides of it.

Try it in your browser, sliders, no install.

👨‍💻 Install

divtel is on PyPI:

pip install divtel

🚀 Quickstart

import astropy.units as u
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from divtel.telescope import Telescope, Array
from divtel.visualization import display_hyper_fov

# Four telescopes on a 100 m square, each with a ~5.7 degree camera.
array = Array([
    Telescope(x * u.m, y * u.m, 0 * u.m, focal=20 * u.m, camera_radius=1 * u.m)
    for x, y in [(100, 0), (0, 100), (-100, 0), (0, -100)]
])

# Point them divergently around a mean direction of alt=70, az=180.
array.divergent_pointing(0.02, 70 * u.deg, 180 * u.deg)

# How much sky does the array see, and how much of it stereoscopically?
covered, patches = array.hyper_fov()        # 45.96 deg2
stereo, _ = array.hyper_fov(m_cut=2)        # 30.27 deg2, seen by 2+ telescopes

fig, (ground, sky) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(11, 5))
array.display_2d(projection="xy", ax=ground)
display_hyper_fov(array, ax=sky)
plt.show()

Pointed in parallel (div=0) the same array sees 25.7 deg2, all of it at multiplicity 4. A div of 0.02 buys 79% more sky, of which 18% more is still stereoscopic. But a shower now lands on two telescopes where it used to land on four. That is the whole trade-off, and the user guide walks through it properly: the coordinate frame, what div really means, and how the hyper field of view is computed.

🛠 Development

Install from source

With uv (recommended):

git clone https://github.com/cta-observatory/divtel.git
cd divtel
uv sync

uv sync creates a virtual environment in .venv, installs divtel in editable mode, and pulls in the development dependencies (pytest, sphinx, ruff) declared as PEP 735 dependency groups. Add --extra examples if you also want to run the notebooks in examples/.

With pip (requires pip >= 25.1 for --group):

git clone https://github.com/cta-observatory/divtel.git
cd divtel
pip install -e . --group dev

Then run the tests:

pytest

Note: install divtel before importing it, even from a source checkout. The version is derived from git by setuptools_scm at install time and written to divtel/_version.py; importing an uninstalled source tree reports __version__ == "0.0.0".

Building the documentation

The docs are published to https://cta-observatory.github.io/divtel/. To build them locally:

uv sync --group docs --extra examples
sphinx-build -b html docs docs/_build/html

GitHub Pages serves static files only, so it cannot preview the result: file:// will not work, and the interactive demo needs a real HTTP origin. Serve the build instead:

python -m http.server 8000 -d docs/_build/html

Working on the interactive demo

examples/marimo/interactive_display.py is a marimo notebook. Sphinx exports it to WebAssembly during the build, so the published page ships its own Python interpreter and runs entirely in the reader’s browser — sliders included, with no server and nothing to install.

That export shells out to uv, which is why uv is itself a documentation dependency.

The Jupyter version in examples/notebooks/interactive_display.ipynb is kept for running locally, but is deliberately not built into the site: its ipywidgets sliders need a Python kernel, so on a static page they would render as controls that cannot move.

To work on the demo:

marimo edit examples/marimo/interactive_display.py

🛡 License

This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. See LICENSE for more details.

📃 Citation

@software{vuillaume_2026_22134772,
  author       = {Vuillaume, Thomas and
                  Donini, Alice and
                  Tak, Donggeun},
  title        = {cta-observatory/divtel: v1.0.0},
  month        = aug,
  year         = 2026,
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  version      = {v1.0.0},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.22134772},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22134772},
  swhid        = {swh:1:dir:5d33fdb6f72092680b3d56a5b5464ad8bc15105a
                   ;origin=https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415137;vis
                   it=swh:1:snp:8c5be5e7e6d934ee5128efb62dbc5e4ffae72
                   248;anchor=swh:1:rel:bf23ef411c70658334678e4345c3a
                   cb4cbf8ecc6;path=cta-observatory-divtel-c0283b3
                  },
}